Behavior Goals for Individual Education Plans

Behavior Goals for Individual Education Plans Behavioral Goals may be placed in an IEP when it is accompanied by a Functional Behavioral Analysis (FBA) and Behavior Improvement Plan (BIP). An IEP that has behavioral goals should also have a behavioral section in the present levels, indicating that behavior is an educational need. If the behavior is one that could be handled by changing the environment or by establishing procedures, you need to attempt other interventions before you alter an IEP. With RTI (Response to Intervention) entering the area of behavior, your school may have a procedure for being sure that you attempt interventions before you add a behavioral goal to an IEP. Why Avoid Behavioral Goals? Behavioral goals will automatically withdraw a student from the progressive discipline plan in place in your school, as you have identified behavior as a part of the students disability.An IEP that has a BIP attached often labels a student when he or she is moved to another teacher, either to a new classroom or to a new schedule in middle school or high school.A BIP must be followed across all educational environments and can create new challenges not only to the teacher of record but also for specials, general education classroom teachers. It will not make you popular. It is best to attempt behavioral interventions such as learning contracts  before you move to a full FBA, BIP and behavioral goals.​ What Makes a Good Behavioral Goal? In order for a behavioral goal to legally be an appropriate part of an IEP, it should: Be stated in a positive manner. Describe the behavior you want to see, not the behavior you dont want. i.e.: Dont write: John wont hit or terrorize his classmates. Do Write: John will keep hands and feet to himself. Be measurable. Avoid subjective phrases like will be responsible, will make appropriate choices during lunch and recess, will act in a cooperative manner. (These last two were in my predecessors article on behavioral goals. PLEEZZ!) You should describe the topography of the behavior (what does it look like?) Examples: Tom will remain in his seat during instruction 80 percent of observed 5 minute intervals. or James will stand in line during class transitions with hands at his side, 6 out of 8 daily transitions. Should define the environments where the behavior is to be seen: In the classroom, Across all school environments, In specials, such as art and gym. A behavior goal should be easy for any teacher to understand and support, by knowing exactly what the behavior should look like as well as the behavior it replaces. Proviso We do not expect everyone to be quiet all the time. Many teachers who have a rule No talking in class usually do not enforce it. What they actually mean is No talking during instruction or directions. We are often not clear about when that is happening. Cueing systems, are invaluable to help students know when they can talk quietly and when they must remain in their seats and be silent. Examples of Common Behavior Challenges and Goals to Meet Them. Aggression: When John is angry he will throw a table, scream at the teacher, or hit other students. A Behavior Improvement Plan would include teaching John to identify when he needs to go to the cool down spot, self- calming strategies and social rewards for using his words when he is frustrated instead of expressing it physically. In his general education classroom, John will use a time out ticket to remove himself to the in class cool down spot, reducing aggression (throwing furniture, shouting profanities, hitting peers) to two episodes a week as recorded by his teacher in a frequency chart. Out of Seat Behavior: Shauna has difficulty spending much time in her seat. During instruction she will crawl around her classmates legs, get up and go to the classroom sink for a drink, she will rock her chair until she falls over, and she will throw her pencil or scissors so she needs to leave her seat. Her behavior is not a reflection only of her ADHD but also functions to get her the teacher and her peers attention. Her behavior plan will include social rewards such as being line leader for earning stars during instruction. The environment will be structured with visual cues which will make it clear when an instruction is happening, and breaks will be built into the schedule so Shauna can sit on the pilates ball or take a message to the office. During instruction, Shauna will remain in her seat for 80 percent of five minute intervals during 3 of 4 consecutive 90 minute data collection periods.

Landing on Mars †Science Essay

Landing on Mars – Science Essay Free Online Research Papers Landing on Mars Science Essay When we are on Mars, we are going to research on how we can build a colony on Mars and how we can survive there. We are looking for ways on how we can provide ourselves with oxygen, food and water, and how we can dispose of our garbage without going to Earth and getting the supply’s we need. We need to know if the ground is stable enough to build structures on, we have to know the temperature, the soil, and the terrain. Mars is known as the Roman god of war or the Red planet. The surface on Mars is very rocky and has a lot of craters that are 18 kilometers in diameter and even larger. The surface of Mars is almost the same as the Earths surface except that the rocks on Mars look pink and red. Mars has dust storms that cover the entire planet. The particles in the dust suspend in the planet’s thin atmosphere and give the sky a pinkish orange glow. The surface on Mars is the closest planet surface to Earth. The atmosphere is very thin and is saturated with Carbon dioxide gas. There are also canyons and volcanoes, but they are not active, the soil is very rich in iron oxide, and also has ice caps just like the Earth containing frozen carbon dioxide. Surface temperature varies from –128 C (-199 F) during polar night to 27 C (80 F) at equator during midday. The volcanoes and canyons on Mars are the largest and deepest canyons in the solar system. The volcano that is on Mars is called Olympus Mons. Because of the tilt of the planets axis, it also has different seasons just like the Earth. The sun appears about half the size on Mars as it does on Earth. Data from the Mars Global indicates that Mars’s crust is about 80 kilometers thick in the southern hemisphere but only about 35 kilometers in the north hemisphere. The southern hemisphere of Mars is predominantly ancient cratered highlands somewhat similar to the Moon. Most of the northern hemisphere consists of plains which are much younger, lower in elevation and have a much more complex history. Mars has a low density compared to the other terrestrial planets indicates that it’s core contains a large amount of sulfur, iron, and iron sulfide. Sulfide is a mineral compo und formed through the binding of sulfur and metal. Mars has a very thin atmosphere composed mostly of the tiny amount of remaining carbon dioxide (95.3%) plus nitrogen (2.7%), argon (1.6%) and traces of oxygen (0.15%) and water (0.03%). In our solar system, Mars is in between Earth and Jupiter. It is the fourth planet from the sun and is about 227.7 million kilometers away from it. It is the last of the inner planets and is the seventh largest planet in orbit, diameter, and mass. Mars is 72 million miles away from the Earth and it would take 2 Â ½ months to get there by spaceship. Research Papers on Landing on Mars - Science EssayAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionThe Spring and Autumn19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaMind TravelMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationDefinition of Export Quotas

Defense Weapons System (Abstract) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Defense Weapons System (Abstract) - Essay Example Early defense systems operated on a one-way identification mechanism, whereby the system classified approaching aircrafts as domestic or enemy. Presumably, the defense systems did not give additional information on the nature or degree of threat presented by an approaching aircraft. B-52 systems are likely to have remained relevant due to due to their flexibility. Their adaptability has facilitated key modifications aimed at enhancing the system’s monitoring capabilities. However, security experts are likely to be concerned with its capacity to detect modern aircrafts. In addition, experts are pessimistic about its identification mechanism and its flexibility in the current environment. In particular, will the system keep pace with the development of military hardware and aircrafts particularly the F series of fighter jets? Sustainability of the B-25 system will determine the United States’ potential as a military and political superpower of the modern

Trangenic Animals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Trangenic Animals - Essay Example By transferring foreign DNA into animal cells, new genes can be inserted or functioning genes can be switched off. In some cases, new genes can be transmitted to the next generation. The precondition for the elimination or insertion of genes is that is possible to transfer into the cell recombinant DNA that integrates itself firmly into the DNA of the mammal. (EIBE, 1998) 2.2 Techniques for Transgenesis The most direct way of integrating a new gene into a cell is to inject a piece of DNA into the nucleus in the hope that it will become integrated into the genome> This technique is called microinjection. Microinjection is the most frequently used method of inserting a foreign gene into the genome of the mouse in order to develop a model for investigations into hereditary diseases. With each microinjection, 50-500 copies of the modified DNA fragments are inserted into the pre-nucleus. Until recently, pronuclear microinjection of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was the standard method for producing transgenic animals. This technique is now being replaced by more efficient protocols based on somatic nuclear transfer that also permit targeted genetic modifications. Lentiviral vectors and small interfering ribonucleic acid technology are also becoming important tools for transgenesis.(Prosperi, 2000) 3. Transgenic Mice and Cancer 3.1 Underlying Principle What triggers cell to abandon their normal behavior and to divide out of control to produce a tumor Why do cancer cells move to other parts of the body to produce tumor there as well Is the change from a normal cell a consequence of genetic change, external factors, disturbance of the immune system or is cancer only a result of growing old The following questions may be answered by testing known... This report stresses that transgenesis is a radically new technology for altering the characteristics of the animals by directly changing the genetic material. Since DNA contains a universal genetic code for living organisms, it can in principle, be transferred between completely unrelated organisms to produce organisms with useful characteristics that would not be available. Many different genes have now been characterized. This knowledge opens up the possibility of looking for methods of changing genes in ways that are useful. By transferring foreign DNA into animal cells, new genes can be inserted or functioning genes can be switched off. In some cases, new genes can be transmitted to the next generation. The precondition for the elimination or insertion of genes is that is possible to transfer into the cell recombinant DNA that integrates itself firmly into the DNA of the mammal. This essay makes a conclusion that the use of transgenic mice in cancer research is very prevalent. Its use enables us humans to understand cancer better and come up with solutions. The problem, however, is that many scientists are contesting the appropriateness of relating results from transgenic mice to humans. Many animals are far more genotypically closer to humans. There have been developments lately that humans can be used for clinical tests without wasting lives. Although this remains to be seen, the use of transgenic mouse model can serve as a good source of insights for us humans to understand the malignance that is happening to our body.

Does language determine thought, does thought determine language, or Essay

Does language determine thought, does thought determine language, or is the relationship more complicated than this Discuss wit - Essay Example The linguistic relativity hypothesis is a relatively simple one: Differences in language across cultures can represent different Weltanschauung and contribute to different perceptions of the world (Swoyer, 2003). The linguistic relativity hypothesis is somewhat at odds with other types of linguistics: For example, Chomskyan cognitive linguistics holds that the differences between languages is fairly trivial and likely based on underlying syntatical and grammatical principles that are generated by the brain (Swoyer, 2003). Of course, these hypotheses are not strictly mutually exclusive. Clearly, different languages exist; also clearly, languages do not routinely refer to how things look like in six dimensions of space, with time flowing backwards, or in the ultraviolet spectrum, because those are things that human beings cannot easily perceive or comprehend even intellectually. The linguistic relativity hypothesis is sometimes called the Whorf-hypothesis or Whorf-Sapir hypothesis, bas ed on the work of Benjamin Lee Whorf and (to a slightly lesser extent) Edward Sapir (Swoyer, 2003). Regrettably, while fascinating work has been done in the field of linguistic relativity, there has not been consistent, methodologically ironclad work on how the implications of this research speak about the relationship between thought and language (Lucy, 1992). About the best that can be said is that linguistic relativity research has been able to demonstrate that language has an impact upon but does not control thought or reality, and that there is a mutual feedback loop between social and lived reality, language, and thought, which plays out over time (Tohidian, 2009). Davies and Corbett (1997), carrying out work that has also been done by Borditsky (2009), found that colour-grouping varies across societies. Russians, for example, sub-divide blue differently than English speakers (Borditsky, 2009). But Davies and Corbett (1997) found only weak support for linguistic relativity: Lo oking at English, Russian and Setswana, they found that, while Setswana speakers who have one term for blue and green would group blue and green together, Russian speakers (even with two words for blue) did not group light and dark blue separately. And within each of the samples, consensus in grouping, groups formed and distribution varied. Moreover, the research assumes that there is a blue-green connection, a gradation between the two on the light spectrum that allows there to be reasonable linguistic variation. The research assumes, logically enough, that no language would classify red and blue together, or white and black, since they are sharply and clearly different. Davies and Corbett (1997) thus end up supporting perceptual universalism with weak linguistic relativism, which does indicate that thought has some precedence over language: Language differences do not make people see different colours, they only make them disagree as to which linguistic pigeonhole to use, and even then only in marginal cases. However, variation in color categorisation and emphasis is tremendous (Ottenheimer, 2008). Hanunoo people in the Philippines have four primary colour terms: One for black and very dark colors, one for white and very pale colors, a green color which is associated with succulence and freshness, and a red color associated

International Challenges for Ubers Expansion

International Challenges for Ubers Expansion Uber’s future depends on international growth, but currently they are experiencing international challenges within their non-U.S. markets. I will introduce their brief history, explain their current challenges, international expansion plans, their strategy plans, and a few insights on how they can achieve greater success in international markets. Predominantly, Uber has brutally underestimated the challenges of operating in countries that embody totally different economic, political, and cultural environments. Their definitive goal is to become one of the only international ride-hailing company, however they didn’t realize all the major setbacks they would come across internationally. Quick Uber History Uber headquarters is â€Å"located in San Francisco, California and operates in 632 other cities worldwide† (Uber Technologies Inc., 2017). In conjunction, â€Å"Uber has expanded to more than 80 countries since its June 2010 initial launch in San Francisco, California† (Hyder, 2014).   Uber was â€Å"founded March of 2009 by Travis Kalanick and Garrett Camp† (Uber Technologies Inc., 2017).   Uber Technologies, Inc. â€Å"provides e-commerce services for car hire and the company offers a website which develops applications that allow users to request a car for hire from any mobile device text message while serving customers worldwide† (Bloomberg, 2017). Moreover, the company was originally an idea that Travis Kalanick and Garrett Camp originated, while encountering some trouble attaining a cab. Their idea was to simply invent something that with the tap of a button you could get a cab/ride and not have to struggle like they did. Stated on the Uber website, â€Å"What started as an app to request premium black cars in a few metropolitan areas is now changing the logistical fabric of cities around the world. Whether it’s a ride, a sandwich, or a package, we use technology to give people what they want, when they want it† (Uber Technologies Inc., 2017). Uber not only provides rides to their customers, but they also provide men and women a way to earn money by letting them use their own vehicle to give their clienteles rides. Also, noted on the Uber website, â€Å"for the women and men who drive with Uber, our app represents a flexible new way to earn money. For cities, we help strengthen local economies, improve access to transportation as reliable as running water, everyone benefits† (Uber Technologies Inc., 2017). Current Challenges Uber was the first major ride-hailing company with mobile on-demand transportation. As competition started to intensify, Uber strategized on how to remain number one in this market area. They realized in recognition of the risk posed by these followers into the market, they needed to rapidly and aggressively grow both domestically and internationally. However, along the way â€Å"Uber’s expansion was met with both excitement and major blocks resulting from lawsuits, technological limitations, and government regulation† (Hyder, 2014). Ubers expensive push into china ended abruptly in 2016, when its domestic rival Didi Chuxing announced it had acquired Uber China and more recently Uber merged with Yandex, marking its exit from another major international market, Russia. Governments, drivers, and passengers launched a seemingly endless stream of lawsuits and taxi firms organized protests in Europe and South America as they recognized their business were under threat. Ubers legal and ethical conduct was put under further scrutiny when their drivers argued that they were being exploited as part of the sharing economy. Additionally, I will list some initial challenges Uber faced within these following countries. As mentioned in Recode article written by Johana Bhuiyan, â€Å"in Russia, it was a fierce opponent willing to play the subsidy game that drove the company out, while it was regulatory issues that has stymied it in Europe† (Bhuiyan, 2017). Also, in Denmark, where â€Å"Uber announced it was leaving in March, it was new regulations that required it to act more like a taxi company, requiring that drivers install things like meters in their cars. The company said it plans to revive its operation in Denmark when laws change† (Bhuiyan, 2017). Following in Spain, â€Å"the company had been previously banned in cities across the country, Uber has continued to face protests from taxi drivers in these cities† (Bhuiyan, 2017). France currently had legal disagreements with Uber regarding they should be treated as a taxi service hence controlled like one too which then charged Uber for being an illegal taxi service (Bhuiyan, 2017). In many more places like, Southeast Asia, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Thailand they have all charged Uber penalties for operating on their land illegally. In regard to India and China, â€Å"they are similar markets in terms of both size and the cost of undercutting prices to maintain or grow demand. Expansion within the region on its own would require significant capital† (Bhuiyan, 2017). These are just a few of the many different challenges Uber has been faced with since branching out internationally. International Expansion and Strategy Plans Astonishingly, in less than eight years Uber has accomplished expansion in more than 450+ markets all over the world and is continuously growing. As stated in an article, â€Å"expanding internationally has involved a series of changes to the mobile application and business model in order to localize it to the market and culture. Uber has had to make changes to accommodate different languages, currencies, and distance measures (e.g. miles vs. kilometers)† (Hyder, 2014). As cited by Hyder she mentioned, â€Å"Travis Kalanick wrote about Uber’s international expansion in a blog posting: as we started expanding, it became clear that individual cities were the unique factor in our launches. Each city is unique in its transportation pain points, its density, its transportation alternatives, regulation, even its transportation culture† (2014). Moreover, Uber first tried implementing what worked in the U.S. and applied some of those techniques to respective countries however, they were one of the companies that learned the hard way, realizing that what may have worked in the U.S. wouldn’t work elsewhere. Stated in an article written by Suhas Manangi, â€Å"the young tech company has committed a classic globalization mistake: it naively assumed that its business model and market approach, which ultimately solidified its market-leading position in the U.S., could translate just as seamlessly to other countries. It severely underestimated the challenges of operating in countries that embody totally different economic, political, and cultural environments† (2017). What Uber predominantly saw was the common transportation problem within many countries that required a solution. As specified in an article, â€Å"localization is a key ingredient of Uber’s Asia Pacific (APAC) marketing strategy as it battles to stay ahead of regional competition. However, localization goes beyond services which might include cash payments for some emerging markets where credit cards are not feasible, or in China, where Uber has partnered with Alibaba’s Ali-pay system – the preferred payment method of Chinese consumers† (Manangi, 2017). Correspondingly, this article mentions â€Å"Uber calls its globalization strategy â€Å"launch playbook,† a list of business strategies and operating guidelines that have been complied by an internal team of about forty employees. At the same time, Uber is smart to have flexibility in different markets that local Uber leaders can adapt and not have the same features everywhere† (Manangi, 2017). Examples of this include, UberCHOPPER in Shanghai, UberBOATS in Istanbul, and UberAUTO in New Delhi, India. Recommendations for Greater Success Internationally Following the six quick rules of thumb for doing business across cultures is a strategy Uber should incorporate. They need to be prepared, be considerate of time, establish trust, understand the importance of language, respect the culture, and understand components of the culture they are in.   As stated by Ball and Geringer, â€Å"knowing your customer is just as important in the world as it is in your hometown. Each culture has its logic, and within that logic are real, sensible reasons for the way they do things† (2013). Uber needs a â€Å"businessperson who can figure out the basic pattern of the culture which in turn will be increasingly effective interacting with foreign clients† (Ball & Geringer, 2013). Furthermore, for greater success internationally, Uber should be more careful in looking at its practice and policies therefore, considering if they are appropriate to incorporate in each specific country. China, India, and Europe differ in many ways from their home country, Uber will have greater success if they ask for permission to operate in specific countries instead of just intruding and then consequently finding out they were doing business illegally. Doing so will then convey respect to those countries regulations and organizations. As mentioned previously, aggressive entry tactics should be eliminated and instead Uber should initially invest time building solid relationships with the various unions within the country. Another tactic Uber should integrate is preparation and planning. Uber generally did not produce a plan before going international they just learned and adapted as they went resulting in cost inefficiency. Which, reverts back to the six quick rules of thumb, rule number one, being prepared is key. In order to help Uber with better preparation with planning, they should follow the global strategic planning process as referenced by Ball and Geringer, â€Å"global strategic planning provides a formal structure in which managers (1) analyze the company’s external environment, (2) analyze the company’s internal environment, (3) define the company’s business and mission, (4) set corporate objectives, (5) quantify goals, (6) formulate strategies, and (7) make tactical plans† (2013). Lastly, instead of withdrawing from the countries that already have a big advantage over Uber, because of their already existing taxi companies within the local country, they should instead try partnering with its local rivals. Simply because trying to do everything on their own is a strategically challenging, hence the reason why they have backed out of multiple countries. Conclusion To conclude, Uber has had to overcome many challenging obstacles along the way of becoming an international business. Failing to plan, failure to fit local market objectives, and learning from their mistakes are all topics resulting from expanding internationally. Uber needs to respectively appreciate and keep in mind while operating in different countries, their different economic, political, and cultural environments. Also, â€Å"providing customization to local markets is an expensive task requiring significant financial backing and of the mind share from the senior executives, hence the need for a carefully thought out strategy for global expansion is required† (Manangi, 2017). Their goal is to maintain number one within international ride-hailing companies, but with all the competition and challenges in today’s world there is potential in them losing this sustainability if a new direction in strategic planning is not met. References Ball, D. A. (2013).  International Business: The Challenge of Global Competition  (13th ed.).New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Bhuiyan, J. (2017, July 14). It’s a Hard World After all in Uber’s Path to Global Domination. Retrieved February 13, 2018, from https://www.recode.net/2017/7/14/15964808/uber-global-domination-yandex-didi Bloomberg L.P. (2017). Uber Technologies Inc: Company Profile Bloomberg. Retrieved from https://www.bloomberg.com/profiles/companies/0084207D:US-uber-technologies-inc Hyder, Y. (2014, February 7). Case: Uber. Retrieved February 13, 2018, from http://soumyasen.com/IDSC6050/Case15/Group15_index.html Manangi, S. (2017, August 1). Uber’s Global Expansion Strategy – â€Å"Think Local to Expand Global† – Will it Work for Startups? Retrieved February 13, 2018, from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/ubers-global-expansion-strategy-think-local-expand-work-manangi Uber Technologies Inc. (2017). The Uber Story. Retrieved from https://www.uber.com/our-story/

Usefullness of Mathematics in Everyday Life Essay -- Math Mathematics

Usefullness of Mathematics in Everyday Life G H Hardy once said that "Very little of mathematics is useful practically, and that little is comparatively dull". This statement is blatantly incorrect. Mathematics appears in virtually all fields in some form or another, and it is the only truly universal language. Even fields considered the opposite of mathematics, such as literature, are filled with different forms of math. Music is based very heavily on numbers, and even religions hold different numbers as sacred. Of course one could say that all these examples are merely basic arithmetic. What about higher mathematics? Can we really use algebra, probability, calculus or any other higher form of math in today's society? The answer to that question is a resounding "Yes!" Even higher mathematics has been and is still used in all sorts of fields, and it is the purpose of this paper to show just a few ways in which higher math has been applied to life. First of all, no discussion about the uses of higher mathematics in the real world would be complete without mentioning something that happened over sixty years ago. On September 3, 1939, Britain and France declared war on Germany in response to their invasion of Poland. To combat their new enemies, Germany quickly sent a land army to overrun France, and then prepared to take on England. Hitler's plan to defeat this small island was to stop all resources from getting through to them, effectively starving them into surrender. The Nazi army had a very effective weapon with which they could challenge the British supremacy of the waves, the U-boat. The German submarines wreaked havoc on the British supply routes, and Churchill knew that if a way couldn't be found to stop the German s... ...they owe the government and how to pay the least. Nearly all people on earth are affected by math everyday. Without mathematics, it is very possible that the Allies would have lost WW2 and we'd all be speaking German right now. Countless buisnesses would be alterred or totally gone if mathematics was not around. A world without math would certainly be a very different world to live in. Works Cited: [1] Davis, Donald M. The nature and power of mathematics. Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, c.1993. [2] Prabhu, N. U. Stochastic storage processes : queues, insurance risk, dams, and data communication. New York : Springer, c.1998. [3] Stewart, James. Calculus: Early Trancendentals. Thomson Learning. Stanford, CT. 2001. [4] PBS Online c.1996-2001 WGBH Educational Foundation. Update Nov. 2000. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ <October 11, 2001>

Religion on social change Essay

This essay is to assess the contribution of religion as a cause of social change and what it has cause throughout the years, some say that religion acts as a conservative force, other say it is a major contributor of social change and some like to take the middle ground on this topic. Religion to sociologist can be seen in two types of ways which is either a conservative force (keeping thing the way they are) or a force for change. Those who see it as a conservative are the ones who believe it’s a force of stability and order whereas the force for change sociologist would say religion encourages societies to change. Religion being a conservative force function is to preserve status quo by maintaining traditional beliefs and maintaining patriarchy. Religion has many functions functionalist believe that religion maintains social solidity, social stability and a value consensus and is therefore supports religion being a concretive force. Marxist on the other hand see it as an ide ology that prevents social change by legitimating and reproducing inequality and also disguises exploitation. Feminist also believe religion being a conservative force is a negative force because it legitimates patriarchal power and maintains women’s subordination. Religion can be seen as a conservative force as well as being force for change, the most famous of these being Max Weber study of the protestant ethic and spirit of capitalism. Weber argues that the religious beliefs of the Calvinist helped bring about a major social change, specifically the emergence of modern capitalism in n northern Europe in the 16th and 14th centuries. The Calvinist had several distinctive beliefs which were: predestination which was that God has already predestination which souls will be saved and who’s not and that no individual can change that. Another belief of theirs is the divine transcendence which is that God is immortal and no human can claim to know his will (including priests) and which this combined creates that Weber refers to as ‘salvation panic’. One other belief the Calvinist believe in is asceticism which is being abstinence, having self discipline and self denial to just live a simple life as Jesus did. The last but no least belief is the idea of a vocation or calling which are defined by two functions, 1 is it helped the Calvinist to cope with their salvation panic as they took this as a sign of God’s favour ad their  salvation- for why else would they have prospered and 2 is their accumulated wealth by the most efficient and rational means possible and not spending it on luxuries but instead reinvesting it (which in Weber’s view is the spirit of modern capitalism). It is very important to note that Weber’s was not arguing that the Calvinist beliefs were the cause of modern capitalism but simply that they were one of its causes. Other societies had a higher rate of economic growth than northern Europe in the 16th and 17th century but failed to adopt modern capitalism. China and India were more materially advanced but didn’t adopt capitalism due to their lack of religious belief like the Calvinist. They promote rewards in the other life, good deeds and other goals that lacked the material drive that Calvinism created. Weber has theory has many criticisms some of these are that for example Kautsky argues that Weber overestimates the role of ideas and underestimates economic factors in bring capitalism in to being, he argues that in fact capitalism preceded rather than followed Calvinism . Similarly R.H Tawney argues that technological change, not religious ideas, caused the birth of capitalism. Weber has also been criticised because capitalism did not develop in every country where there were Calvinist, for example in Scotland. Steve Bruce is interested in the relationship between religion and social change, he therefore used two case studies to analyse this, The American civil rights movements and The New Christian Right. The new Christian movement is a religiously motivated movement to end racial segregation in America in the 1950s to 60s. The black clergy played a major role (Dr Martin Luther King) giving moral legitimacy to activists, they provided sanctuary and unity, appealed to common Christian values of equality. Bruce sees religion is an ideological resource he identified several ways in which religious organisations are well equipped to support protest and contributes to social change: 1) Taking the moral high ground which is the black clergy pointed out the hypocrisy of white clergy who preached ‘love thy neighbour’ but supported racial segregation, 2) channelling dissent is religion provides channels to express political dissent, For example the funeral of Martin Luther king was a rallying point for the civil right cause. 3) Acting as honest broker because churches can provide a context for negotiating changes because they are often respected by both sides in a conflict and see n as standing above ‘mere politics’ and lastly 4) Mobilising public opinion is  when black churches in the south successfully campaigned for support across the whole of America. It had the shared values of those in power and those in wider society and could use these to push for change. The New Christian Rights is a politically and morally conservative, protestant fundamentalist movement it has gained prominence since 1960s because of its opposition to the liberalising of American society. They want to take America ‘back to God’. As well as want abortion, homosexuality and divorce illegal and ban SRE in schools. They also want to bring back the traditional family and gender roles (patriarchy) and teach only the creationism, nothing about evolution or big bang theory. The new Christian right has been largely unsuccessful in achieving their aim, reasons are because the ‘moral majority’ was never a majority, but 15% of the population at most, also its campaigners find it difficult to cooperate with people from other religious groups and they lack widespread support and has met with strong opposition from groups who stand for freedom of choice. The new Christian rights is described as a failed movement for change , despite enormous publicity and a high profile in the media it has not achieved its aims of taking America ‘back to god’. In conclusion religion has played such a big role in past and current society, some might say for the best others may disagree. As in item A ‘†¦ religion can play an important part in bringing about social change for example religious ideas can be a powerful motivation for change, as Weber showed in his study of Calvinist.’ , as well as also campaigning for social reform.

Free Essays on Bill Of Rights

In 1791, the Bill of Rights, consisting of 10 amendments, was ratified into the constitution. The document’s purpose was to spell out the liberties of the people that the government could not infringe upon. Considered necessary by many at the time of its development, the Bill of Rights became the cause for a huge debate between two different factions: The Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. The Federalists were those who thought that there should be a new Union created with a strong centralized government and individual regional governments. They felt that it was not necessary for there to be a bill of rights because it was implied that those rights the Constitution did not specifically state would be handed down to the states. On the other hand, the Anti-Federalists were opposed to such a form of government on the grounds that the Constitution, in which it was outlined, lacked clarity in the protections of the individuals. The Anti-Federalists- whose memory of British oppre ssion was still fresh in their minds- wanted certain rights and guarantees that were to be apart of the constitution (Glasser 1991). A clear demonstration of the Anti-Federalist attitude was performed by Samuel Bryan, who published a series of essays named the ‘Cenitnal Essays,’ which â€Å"assailed the sweeping power of the central government, the usurpation of state sovereignty, and the absence of a bill of rights guaranteeing individual liberties such as freedom of speech and freedom of religion (Bran 1986).† Of course, the freedoms stated above are a portion and not the whole of The Bill of Rights. Ultimately, The Bill of Rights was adopted to appease the Anti-Federalists, whose support was necessary to ratify the constitution, and who believed that without the liberties granted therein, the new constitution- that they thought was vague and granted too much power to the central government- would give way to an elite tyrannical government. The purpose... Free Essays on Bill Of Rights Free Essays on Bill Of Rights In 1791, the Bill of Rights, consisting of 10 amendments, was ratified into the constitution. The document’s purpose was to spell out the liberties of the people that the government could not infringe upon. Considered necessary by many at the time of its development, the Bill of Rights became the cause for a huge debate between two different factions: The Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. The Federalists were those who thought that there should be a new Union created with a strong centralized government and individual regional governments. They felt that it was not necessary for there to be a bill of rights because it was implied that those rights the Constitution did not specifically state would be handed down to the states. On the other hand, the Anti-Federalists were opposed to such a form of government on the grounds that the Constitution, in which it was outlined, lacked clarity in the protections of the individuals. The Anti-Federalists- whose memory of British oppre ssion was still fresh in their minds- wanted certain rights and guarantees that were to be apart of the constitution (Glasser 1991). A clear demonstration of the Anti-Federalist attitude was performed by Samuel Bryan, who published a series of essays named the ‘Cenitnal Essays,’ which â€Å"assailed the sweeping power of the central government, the usurpation of state sovereignty, and the absence of a bill of rights guaranteeing individual liberties such as freedom of speech and freedom of religion (Bran 1986).† Of course, the freedoms stated above are a portion and not the whole of The Bill of Rights. Ultimately, The Bill of Rights was adopted to appease the Anti-Federalists, whose support was necessary to ratify the constitution, and who believed that without the liberties granted therein, the new constitution- that they thought was vague and granted too much power to the central government- would give way to an elite tyrannical government. The purpose... Free Essays on Bill Of Rights The first ten amendments of the Constitution of the United States are called the Bill of Rights. These amendments were ratified on December 15, 1791. The first amendment deals with religion, speech, assembly, and politics. The second amendment talks about the militia and right to bear arms. The third amendment discuses the topic of quartering soldiers. The fourth amendment talks about search and seizures. The Fifth Amendment talks about juries, self-incrimination, double jeopardy, due process and eminent domain. The sixth amendment deals with criminal court procedures. The seventh amendment is the right of trial by jury in common law cases. The eighth amendment discusses bail, cruel and unusual punishment. The ninth amendment deals with the rights retained by the people. The last amendment talks about powers to the people and/or states. The first amendment states the congress can not make any laws respecting a religion. Everyone has the right to pick his or her own religion. The government is not allowed to tell the people that they have to all picks the same religion. The amendment also talks about the freedom of speech and/or the press. The people are allowed to speak their mind. No one can tell someone to be quiet to this amendment. First amendment also discusses the freedom to peacefully assemble. This means that people can protest as long as that they do it in a peacefulable way. They can not interfere with other things going on like traffic. They can not block traffic, doors and entrances. The second amendment is about the militia and the right to bear arms. We will always need the National Guard in case of any state disasters. We need to be able to keep on running well and trained. If we don’t keep up a good Guard then we will not be able to respond to disasters. There are a lot of associations that make sure we can have the right to bear arms. The NRA (National Rifle Association) is a very outspoken group for the amendm...

iOS Development in C# with Xamarin and Visual Studio

iOS Development in C# with Xamarin and Visual Studio In the past, you may have considered Objective-C and iPhone development but the combination of a new architecture and a new programming language together may have been too much. Now with Xamarin Studio, and programming it in C#, you may find the architecture not that bad. You may end up coming back to Objective-C though Xamarin makes feasible any type of iOs programming including games. This is the first of a set of tutorials on programming iOS Apps (ie both iPhone and iPad) and eventually Android Apps in C# using Xamarin Studio. So what is Xamarin Studio? Previously known as MonoTouch Ios and MonoDroid (for Android), the Mac software is Xamarin Studio. This is an IDE that runs on Mac OS X and its pretty good. If youve used MonoDevelop, then youll be on familiar ground. Its not quite as good as Visual Studio in my opinion but thats a matter of taste and cost. Xamarin Studio is great for developing iOS Apps in C# and likely Android, though that depends on your experiences creating those. Xamarin Versions Xamarin Studio comes in four versions: Theres the free one that can create Apps for the App store but those are limited to 32Kb in size which is not a lot! The other three cost starting with the Indie version for $299. On that, you develop on the Mac and can produce Apps of any size. Next is the Business version at $999 and thats the one used for these examples. As well as Xamarin Studio on the Mac it integrates with Visual Studio so you can develop iOS/Android apps as if writing .NET C#. The clever trick is that it uses your Mac to build and debug the App using the iPhone/iPad simulator while you step through code in Visual Studio. The big version is the Enterprise edition but that wont be covered here. In all four cases you need to own a Mac and to deploy Apps in the App store needs you to pay Apple $99 each year. You can manage to offset paying that until you need it, just develop against the iPhone simulator that comes with Xcode. You have to install Xcode but its in the Mac Store and its free. The Business edition does not have a big difference, just that it is on Windows instead of the Mac with free and Indie editions, and it uses the full power of Visual Studio (and Resharper). Part of that comes down to whether you prefer to develop Nibbed or Nibless? Nibbed or Nibless Xamarin integrates into Visual Studio as a plugin that gives new menu options. But it doesnt yet come with a designer like the Xcodes Interface Builder. If you are creating all your views ( the iOS word for controls) at runtime then you can run nibless. A nib (extension .xib) is an XML file that defines the controls etc in views and links events together so when you click on a control, it invokes a method. Xamarin Studio also requires you to use Interface Builder to create nibs but at the time of writing, they have a Visual designer running on the Mac in alpha state. It will likely become available on the PC as well. Xamarin Covers the Whole iOS API The whole iOS API is pretty massive. Apple currently has 1705 documents in the iOS developer library covering all aspects of iOS development. Since they were last reviewed, the quality has improved a lot. Likewise, the iOS API from Xamarin is pretty comprehensive, though you will find yourself referring back to the Apple docs.​ Getting Started After installing Xamarin software on your Mac, create a new Solution. The project choices include iPad, iPhone, and Universal and also with Storyboards. For iPhone, you then have the choice of an Empty Project, Utility Application, Master-Detail Application, Single View application, Tabbed Application or OpenGl Application. You have similar choices for Mac and Android development. Given the lack of designer on Visual Studio, you can take the nibless (Empty Project) route. Its not that difficult but nowhere as easy to get the design looking spot on. In this case, as you are mainly dealing with square buttons, its not a worry. Architecting iOS Forms You are entering into a world described by Views and ViewControllers and these are most important concepts to understand. A ViewController (of which there are several types) controls how data is displayed and manages view and resource management tasks. The actual displaying is done by a View (well a UIView descendant). The User Interface is defined by ViewControllers working together. Well see that in action in tutorial two with a simple nibless App like this one. In the next tutorial, well look in depths at ViewControllers and develop the first complete App.

Geology Volcanoes&Earthquake Assignment8 Assignment

Geology Volcanoes&Earthquake Assignment8 - Assignment Example An inevitable tide was moving red-hot lava onshore and people watched helplessly. However, a small crew led by Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson squirted the lava in the front with fire hoses producing vapors of steam (John A. McPhee. 102). The courageously watered and cooled the advancing lava until they stopped the lava flow (John A. McPhee. 107) The gas content in magma or lava determines whether a volcanic eruption will be explosive or effusive. These gases include sulfur dioxide, water vapor and carbon dioxide. A gas highly dissolves in magma that is situated deep underground, where pressure is very high. The rate of dissolution decreases as the lava moves up to the earth’s surface due to reducing pressure, thus, the gas form bubbles that drag magma to the surface. The eruption is explosive if more bubbles form and effusive when there are few bubbles. A cinder cone forms when lava with more bubbles is expelled and cools in the air (Gates and Ritchie p.157). Magma comprises of solid minerals, liquid rocks and gas. The amount of the silica mineral in lava or magma determines a volcanic rock to be formed. The mafic rocks include all basalts and some andesites: have lower silica content, intermediate rocks such as some dacites and most andesites with intermediate silica content, and silicic rocks. Silicic rocks have higher silica content and include all rhyolites and some dacites. Apart from silica, volcanic rocks have other minerals such as titanium, aluminum, iron, manganese, magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus. These chemicals are mix with oxygen to form their respective chemical compounds (Park, 2001, p. p.177). A magma viscosity determines a volcano shape, texture and shape of lava, and whether a volcano erupts effusively or explosively. A less viscous lava forms shield volcanoes with wide sloping sides while more viscous lava builds conical volcanoes with steep sides.

Aspects of United States society in the late 20th century and aspects Essay

Aspects of United States society in the late 20th century and aspects of life in the contemporary U.S - Essay Example Fast food is just like cigarettes because they both are horrible for ones self and still millions upon millions of people fall into the manufacturers trap of good advertising. America, as opposed to most of Europe, is always rushed. The average working week is forty hours, with maybe forty-five minutes as a lunch break. This is not enough time for a lavish lunch, leaving fast food as the menu of the day. (Schlosser, 2004) Americans, who live to work, will often bring home fast food as an alternative to the time consuming process of preparing dinner. Fast food is targeted to cater to the speed of an on-the-go American. The popular quote "In, out, and on your way" describes exactly how convenient fast food truly is. Now one doesnt need to go the lengths of in and out, just wait in the drive thru and go. If a person was hungry at 1:00 AM in 1940, he was out of luck. In todays world, one has their choice from a variety of fast food restaurants on every corner; they even have drive through windows so a person doesnt have to get out in their pajamas. For example, Wendys, doesnt close shop until 2:00 AM. In spirit with competitive American capitalism, McDonalds doesnt close now until 2:30. (Maze, 2004) Most cities and towns have rows of fast food restaurants so a person can jump from roof to roof, just in case they felt like Mexican food from Taco Bell rather than a McDonalds hamburger. In recent decades, the family structure of many Americans has changed. In most families, both parents need to work to support their families and to own a house, limiting the amount of time to spend with their children - let alone cooking meals. Fast food restaurants solve this equation easily by giving parents the option of killing two birds with one stone. They can take their kid(s) to a place like McDonalds that allows a parent to feed their children with